Who is referred to as a 'potentate'?

The term 'potentate' refers to a ruler or sovereign who possesses significant power and authority over a particular territory or group of people. This definition aligns closely with the notion of direct power, indicating that a potentate is someone who exercises control and has the capability to make decisions that impact their subjects' lives. This contrasts with the other options, which describe different types of leaders who either have limitations on their power, such as a ruler with limited power or a ceremonial figurehead, or those who gain their position through an electoral process rather than through inheritance or absolute authority. The essence of the term 'potentate' is embedded in the idea of direct governance and control, distinguishing it from the roles characterized by restricted influence or symbolic functions.